Australia:
About: Australia is the sixth largest country on earth. The size of Australia is 7 692 024 km2 accounting to five percent of the world’s land area of 149, 450, 000 km2. Although Australia is the smallest continental land mass, it is the world’s largest island.
Origin: The name “Australia” has the origin from Latin australis meaning southern which dates back to 2nd century. Matthew Flinders, an explorer, named the land Terra Australis, which later got abbreviated to the current form. Dutch named it Nova Hollandicus or New Holland. Later Flinders renamed the land Australia in a chart compiled in 1804 whilst serving as prisoner by the French in Mauritius. In 1824 the British Admiralty finally accepted Australia as official name.
Modern History: The federalisation of the Australia began in 1901, which gave the path to the states of Australia a formal relationship for the first time. During initial years, Australian affairs followed those of Britain and America, as wars were declared on common enemies. In 1986, The Australia Act was made which declared Australia a completely independent nation, hence removing it from the shadow of British politics. In 1999 a referendum was held in Australia to become a republic and move away from the English monarchy which was defeated by 55% to 45%.
Capital and Cities: Canberra is Australia’s capital and its largest city is Sydney. The other major cities of Australia are Melbourne, Brisbane, Perth, and Adelaide.
The list of states and the territories are as follows:
States:
Sl No | Name | Capital |
1 | New South Wales (NSW) | Sydney |
2 | Queensland | Brisbane |
3 | Victoria | Melbourne |
4 | South Australia | Adelaide |
5 | Western Australia | Perth |
6 | Tasmania | Hobart |
Oceania Territories:
Name | Capital |
American Samoa | Pago Pago |
Ashmore and Cartier Islands | External territory of Australia |
Australia | Canberra |
Australia Antarctic Territory | — |
Baker Island | — |
Christmas Island | — |
Cocos Island | — |
Cook Islands | Avarua |
Coral Sea Islands | — |
Fiji | Suva |
French Polynesia | Papeete |
Guam | Hagatna |
Howland Island | — |
Jervis Bay Island | |
Jarvis Island | — |
Johnston Atoll | — |
Kingman Reef | — |
Kiribati | South Tarawa |
Marshall Islands | Majuro |
Micronesia | Palikir |
Midway Atoll | — |
Nauru | Yaren |
New Caledonia | Noumea |
New Zealand | Wellington |
Niue | Alofi |
Norfolk Island | Kingston |
Northern Mariana Islands | Saipan |
Northern Territory | Saipan |
Palau | Ngerulmud |
Palmyra Atoll | — |
Papua New Guinea | Port Moresby |
Pitcairn Islands | Adamstown |
Samoa | Apia |
Solomon Islands | Honiara |
Territory of Heard Island and McDonald Islands | – |
Tokelau | Nukunonu |
Tonga | Nukuʻalofa |
Tuvalu | Funafuti |
Vanuatu | Port Vila |
Wake Island | Insular area of USA |
Wallis and Futuna | Mata-Utu |
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